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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Southern Association ： ウィキペディア英語版 Southern Association The Southern Association was a higher-level minor league in American organized baseball from 1901 through 1961. For most of its existence, the Southern Association was two steps below the Major Leagues; it was graded Class A (1902–1935), Class A1 (1936–1945) and Class AA (1946–1961). Although the SA was known as the Southern League through 1919, today's Double-A Southern League is not descended from the Southern Association; the modern SL came into existence in 1964 as the successor to the original ''South Atlantic'' ("Sally") League. A stable, eight-team loop, the Southern Association's member teams typically included the Atlanta Crackers, Birmingham Barons, Chattanooga Lookouts, Little Rock Travelers, Memphis Chicks, Nashville Vols, and New Orleans Pelicans. Either the Knoxville Smokies, Mobile Bears, or Shreveport Sports typically comprised the eighth club. ==Resisted integration== After Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in 1946 with the Montreal Royals of the International League, the Southern Association continued to adhere to the Jim Crow segregation laws of the time. Only one African-American ever played a meaningful game during this time--Nat Peeples of the 1954 Atlanta Crackers, the only black player in the league's history.〔(milb.com )〕 On April 9–10, 1954, Peeples played in two road games in Mobile, and went hitless in four at bats.〔(Baseball Reference )〕 He was demoted to the already-integrated, Single-A Jacksonville Braves before the Crackers played a home game. The Southern Association then played the rest of its history, through the end of 1961, as a racially segregated league.〔(Fenster, Kenneth, "Earl Mann, Nat Peeples, and the Failed Attempt of Integration in the Southern Association," ''NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture,'' Vol. 12, No. 2, Spring 2004 )〕 Partly due to this, its Major-League parent clubs were among the last to integrate during the 1950s, a period when African-Americans and Latin-American players of African descent were beginning to dominate Major League Baseball. By the end of the 1950s, the SA was the target of a boycott by civil rights leaders. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Southern Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.